Biological Approach
This approach deals with the evolution of humans, variations, and how they can adapt to certain environmental stresses by analyzing patterns of change over time (Dudgeon). A good example from (ANP204) week 2 would be the different varieties of ways people adapted to the environmental stressor of Electrolux shutting down according to the film "Not just a paycheck." The shutting down of Electrolux took away 2,700 jobs of the total 8,000 person city population. With that came depression and increased suicide rate like never seen before. The biological approach not only studies the physical make up of the body but also evaluates how evolution functions for survival and reproduction. This approach would likely relate to a decrease in periodontitis as the human mouth evolved since the birth of mankind.
*Below is the link for the film "Not Just a Paycheck"
http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp204-us14/schedule/unnatural-causes-7/
*Below is the link for the film "Not Just a Paycheck"
http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp204-us14/schedule/unnatural-causes-7/
Ecological approach
The ecological approach views human societies or cultures within the context of larger systems(Dudgeon) while studying the relationships among living organisms in a more environmental context. Of which, the environment has three major components: biotic (sources of food, building materials, predators, and vectors), abiotic (climate, solar energy, and inorganic material), and cultural elements (human systems) (A.McElroy). Here, Periodontitis could be seen in humans or animals whom eat less sugars or are in lesser contact with bacteria for example.
Periodontal Disease Case Study
Ando and colleagues studied the correlation between tobacco and periodontal disease. The study consisted of 8,352 men ranging from 40-79 years of age. They were then categorized as having 0, 1-9, 10-19, or more than 20 teeth and from there placed in groups of current smokers, prior smokers, and those whom had never smoked (Healthy adults should have 32 teeth).
It was found that about 23% of current smokers had over 20 teeth whereas close to 43% of non-smokers had over 20. This study showed over a 2.2 fold risk of having less than 19 teeth for smokers over non smokers (Ando et al. 2013).
Smoking tobacco and Periodontitis relate to the biological approach in regards how people adapt to environmental stresses. For example, people have been known to smoke more under stressful times in their lives so there could be correlation to those same individuals being diagnosed with the disease. However, since tobaccos negative effects on the body are more known today than ever before due to government regulations, there may be less people developing the habit if they hadn't already began thus decreasing their chances for Periodontal Disease.
The anthropological approach must not be unnoticed when analyzing the finding of Periodontitis or any other illness for that matter. In this case we must look at how and when Periodontitis came about along with whom it effected and where the disease was located to reach a conclusion for the change of diagnostic number over time.
* Below is the table for Ando et al. study characterized by number of teeth
It was found that about 23% of current smokers had over 20 teeth whereas close to 43% of non-smokers had over 20. This study showed over a 2.2 fold risk of having less than 19 teeth for smokers over non smokers (Ando et al. 2013).
Smoking tobacco and Periodontitis relate to the biological approach in regards how people adapt to environmental stresses. For example, people have been known to smoke more under stressful times in their lives so there could be correlation to those same individuals being diagnosed with the disease. However, since tobaccos negative effects on the body are more known today than ever before due to government regulations, there may be less people developing the habit if they hadn't already began thus decreasing their chances for Periodontal Disease.
The anthropological approach must not be unnoticed when analyzing the finding of Periodontitis or any other illness for that matter. In this case we must look at how and when Periodontitis came about along with whom it effected and where the disease was located to reach a conclusion for the change of diagnostic number over time.
* Below is the table for Ando et al. study characterized by number of teeth
References
Ando, A., M. Ohsawa, and Y. Yaegashi. "Factors Related to Tooth Lose Among Community Dwelling Middle Aged and Elderly Japanese Men." J Epidemiol 23: 301-306. (accessed July 16, 2014).
McElroy, Ann . "Evolutionary and Ecological Perspectives ." Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology : 31-37. (accessed July 16, 2014).
Dudgeon , Roy. "The Anthropological Perspective and What Makes it Unique ." . http://www.sciences360.com/index.php/the-anthropological-perspective-what-makes-it-unique-22152/(accessed July 16, 2014).
Not Just a Paycheck. Directed by James Rutenbeck. Greenville: Unnatural Causes Documentary Series , 2008.
Karim, Tazin. "Week 2: Ecological and Biological Approaches ." http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp204-us14/schedule/week-2/ (accessed July 16, 2014).
University of California Anthropology . "Physical and Biological Anthropology ." http://anthro.ucsc.edu/undergraduate/sub-fields/physical-anthro.html . (accessed July 16, 2014).
McElroy, Ann . "Evolutionary and Ecological Perspectives ." Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology : 31-37. (accessed July 16, 2014).
Dudgeon , Roy. "The Anthropological Perspective and What Makes it Unique ." . http://www.sciences360.com/index.php/the-anthropological-perspective-what-makes-it-unique-22152/(accessed July 16, 2014).
Not Just a Paycheck. Directed by James Rutenbeck. Greenville: Unnatural Causes Documentary Series , 2008.
Karim, Tazin. "Week 2: Ecological and Biological Approaches ." http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp204-us14/schedule/week-2/ (accessed July 16, 2014).
University of California Anthropology . "Physical and Biological Anthropology ." http://anthro.ucsc.edu/undergraduate/sub-fields/physical-anthro.html . (accessed July 16, 2014).